m<uq isxy, mqj;am; ìysl< wïud
l;Æj ueIsfï l;dj

Y%S ,xldfõ me/Ksu isxy, mqj;am; ,xld f,dalhhs' th m< jQfha 1860 fkdje' 20 odh' óg fmr ,xldfõ fjk;a mqj;am;a m<ù ;snqKs' ta bx.%Sis NdIdfjks' tl, bx.%Siskaf.ka m<jQ rcfha .eiÜ‌ m;%h o mqj;am;l ,la‍IK .eíj ;snqKq tlls'

,xld f,dalh m< jQjdg miqj 1862 iema' 11 od ,la‌ñKs myk kñka isxy, mqj;am;la‌ m<úKs'

,xld b;sydifha isxy, fn!oaOhkag ,xld f,dalh;a ,la‌ñKs myk;a w;sYh jeo.;a jkafka ,xldfõ m<jQ m%:u isxy, mqj;am;a ùu ksidh' tjlg fjk;a mqj;am;a m%ldYk lsysmhla‌u uqo%Kh fjñka ;snqKs' tajd bx.%Sis mdGlhka i|yd bx.S%is nisks' ,xld f,dalh iy ,la‌ñKs myk b;sydi .; jkafka isxy, fn!oaO mdGlhka i|yd isxy, niska m<jQ m%:u m%jD;a;s m;% fol ùu ksidh'

,xld f,dalh iy ,la‌ñKs myfka b;sydi.; ùu t;ekska kj;skafka ke;' ta mqj;am;a fol uqo%Kh lrkq ,enQfha ,xld frdam kï foaYSh uqo%K;,hl ùu wks;a ft;sydisl lreKhs'

,xld frdam uqo%Kd,h msysgqjd ;snqfKa .d,af,a oxf.or ùÈfha ia‌:dkhlh' tneúka ,xldfõ m%:u isxy, mqj;am; ìyslsÍfï f.!rjho .d,a,g ,enqKs'

tmuKlska fï b;sydi l;dj kj;skafka ke;' fï ft;sydisl m%:u mqj;am; uqo%Kh lrkq ,enQ uqo%K hka;%h ;sfnkafkao .d,af,a ùuh' .d,af,a oxf.or ùÈfha o .d,af,a fldgqfõo ieß ierE fï ft;sydisl uqo%K hka;%h wka;sfï§ ks;H jdiia‌:dkh f,i ,e.=ï .kq ,nkafka l;Æj .sksuq,a, mqrdK rcuyd úydrfhah'

tla‌odia‌ yeg .Kka j, ,xldj hg;aj ;snqfKa bx.%Siskagh' ta jkúg bx.%Sis wdêm;Hfhka ñ§fï jqjukdj Y%S ,dxlslhkag ;snqKs' ta ksoyia‌ igfka wr.,hg isxy, yඬke.sh yels mqj;am;la‌ w;HdjYHj ;snqKs'

ta wvqj imqrd .ekSug ìys jQ m%:u isxy, mqj;am; ,xld f,dalhhs' ta mqj;am; uqo%Kh lsÍug wjYH uqo%K hka;%hl wjYH;djh b;d oefkñka ;snqKq wjêhl fï uqo%K hka;%h mß;Hd. fldg we;af;a fn!oaOhkag ,eÈ rgla‌ jQ ishï rdcHfha rc;=ud úisks'

tl, uqo%K hka;%hla‌ hkq wo fuka iq,N tlla‌ fkdj tl, b;d úYd, jákdlulska hq;= tlla‌ úh' tx.,ka;fha ksmo jQ fï uqo%K hka;%h ishï rfÜ p<d,xldr rcq úiska nq,;a.u Oïud,xldr isß iquk;sia‌i ysñg mß;Hd. lrjk ,o neõ b;sydihg wkqj lshEfjk l;djhs' th ,xldjg /f.k wdfõ 1835 jif¾ njo i|ykah'

tu hka;%fhka uq,skau wÉpq .id we;af;a ,xld f,dal isxy, mqj;am;hs' th Èkm;d mqj;am;la‌ fkdj uilg foj;djla‌ uqo%Kh lrkq ,enQjls' th wl=re wuqKd M,lh u; ;nd mhska md.d uqo%Kh lrkq ,enQ hka;%hls'

wk;=rej f,dalh kùk fjoa§ kj;u uqo%K hka;% ,xldjg f.kajoa§ ,xld f,dalh ,la‌ñKs myk wNdjhg hoa§ .d,af,a oxf.or ùÈfhkq;a .d,af,a fldgqfjkq;a tyd fuyd fjù ;snqKq fï hka;%h tla‌oyia‌ kjish y;<sia‌ .Kka j,§ l;Æj .sksje,a, úydrfha ks;H jdiia‌:dk o ,enqfõh'

l;Æj .sksje,a, úydrhg fï ft;sydisl uqo%K hka;%h wdvïnrhla‌ úh' tys úydrdêm;s ysñfhda fï hka;%h uy;a Nla‌;sfhka wdrla‍Id l<y' mdi,a <fuda fï me/Ks hka;%h krUkakg wdy' úoaj;ayq th kerUQy'

jvd;a jeä ÿr wdrla‍Idj i|yd 1982 jif¾§ fl!;=ld.drfha udkj úoHd wxYfha wOHla‍I wdpd¾h mKa‌vq, we|.u uy;d l;Æjg meñK fï uqo%K hka;%h cd;sl fl!;=ld.drhg b,a,d isáfhah' kuq;a úydrdêm;s ysñfhda ta woyig tlÛ fkdjQy' .d,af,a foh .d,af,ysu ;sìh hq;= hEhs tysñfhda is;kakg bv we;'

tfy;a miq .sh 19 od rd;%sfha hka;%h ;snqKq ,e.=ï f.hska ÿula‌ ke.sKs' wi,ajeis mkaif,a iy .ïjeishkaf.a W;aidyfhkao .sks ksjk yuqodfõ W;aidyfhkao M,la‌ jQfha ke;' uq¿ ,e.=ï f.hu ms<sia‌iS wÆù ;snqKs'

iqkanqka w;f¾ ishjia‌ tlyudrlg wêl ld,hla‌ iqrla‍Is;j ,xldfõ me/Ksu m%:u isxy, mqj;am; uqo%Kh l< uqo%K hka;%fhka b;sßj ;snqfKa hlv iels,a, muKs' uqo%K hka;%fha ,Sj,ska fyì ishÆ fldgia‌o uqo%K wl=re ms<sia‌iS WKqù ;snqKs' ta iu.u ishï rdcHfhka ;E.s ,o mqia‌fld, fmd;a /ila‌o .sks n;aj ;sìKs'

fï rg yeçh hq;= fudfyd;ls' rdcH fl!;=ld.drh fld,a, ld tys w.kd fl!;=l NdKa‌v j, uq;= ueKsla‌ fld,a, lkq ,nhs' rg mqrd jia‌;= chgu fld,a, lkq ,nhs' fï jekiS hkafka rfÜ w.kd w;S;hhs' rgl wkd.;hg b;sßfldg ;eìh hq;= w;S; fi!Nd.Hhhs' ta w;f¾ wfma w;S;fha uqo%K jxY l;dfõ lemS fmfkk ;ekla‌ iksgqyka lrk w.kd jia‌;=jla‌ .sksn;aj .sfhah'

oeka b;ska b;sß ù we;s hlv iels,a, ixrla‍IKh fldg ;eìh yel' tfy;a oeka mßia‌iug ;enQ oe wE,shdjg f.disks'
tys hlv jákdlula‌ ñi fl!;=l jákdlula‌ kï ke;'

ilia‌ lf<a"
pkao%isß fodvkaf.dv"
.d,af,a ,,s;a pdñkaof.a
jd¾;dj weiqßks'