fjf<a iqodf.a l=vq rdcOdksh ì| jegqKq yeá

rg jkik u;a l=vq cdjdruqkag iy md;d, flreukag tfrysj miq.sh ld,fha l%shd;aul jQ wdrla‍Il wxY fufyhqïj,§ fukau we;eï md;d, m%ydrj,ska l=vq rcjreka yd md;d,hka .Kkdjla‌ mrf,dj hoa§ iQla‍Iu f,i ish,f,ka fíÍ Ôú; /l.;a pß; folla‌ ms<sn| uE; ld,fha lshEfjkakg úh'


md;d,fha jecfUñka l=vq rcjreka f,i fmrg wd tlS pß; fol w;ßka tla‌ pß;hla‌ jQfha uyr.u l¿ ;=Idrh' wfkld jQfha nfvdaúg fjf<a iqodh' ld,hl isgu furg l%shd;aul u;a l=vq cdjdrfï§ fudjqka fofokd isáfha wxl tfla flreuka f,iska nj fmd,sia‌ jd¾;d wkqj ikd: jkakls'

kuq;a bl=;a od je,slv nkaOkd.drfha§ we;s jQ isrlre le/,af,a§ uyr.u l¿ ;=Idrf.a .uk ksud jQfha lsisjl=;a fkdis;+ mßoafoka úh' th isÿ jQfha nkaOkd.dr .egqu w;r;=r wú ord isáh§ yuqod m%ydrhlg f.dÿre ùfuka nj fmd,sia‌ mÍla‍IK wkqj oeka ;yjqre ù ;sfnkakls'

 

fjf,a iqod rEmjdyskS kerUQ
tla‌ iqfLdamfNda.S rEmjdyskS wd,sx.hla‌

bÈka ñh.sh l¿ ;=Idr ms<sn| oeka l;d lsÍfuka M,la‌ fkdjkafkah' ukao" ;=Idr ;=< jQ iudfco%dayS;ajh fldf;la‌ jqjo uyr.u ;=Idrg iómj isá ìß| orejka we;=¿ mjqf,a {;Ska fï iudcfha ;ju;a Ôj;=ka f,i isák neúks'

tfy;a uyr.u l¿ ;=Idrf.a .uk tfia ksud fjoa§ Tyq yd lrg lr isáñka u;al=vq jix.;fhka fï rg jkikakg jQ nfvdaúg fjf<a iqodf.a l;dj wo flfia ù ;sfío@

,uy;a;fhda' fjf<a iqodg ú;rhs fï rfÜ l=vq cdjdrfï§ l=vq melÜ‌ tl T;kak fjkuu m%skaÜ‌ lrmq fld<hla‌ ;snqfKa' ,xldfõ fudk fldfka ysáh;a l=vq .yk ´ku tflla‌ ta fldf<ka iqodf.a nvq w÷k .;a;d' ta melÜ‌ tfla tk nvq;a kshuhs'

ta;a udr jefâ lshkafka uy;a;fhda oeka ál ojil b|ka ncd¾ tfla fldfyaj;a iqodf.a melÜ‌ tl;a keye' nvq;a keye' tal fydhkak g%hs lr,d wms oeka kkak;a;dr fj,d bkafka' fudk fl<shla‌ jqKdo lshkak l=âfvda tflla‌j;a okafka keye'

l¿ ;=Idrf.a .ukl wjidkh;a iu. bl=;a Èfkl nfvdaúg fjf<a iqod ms<sn| wm l< úuiSul§ Èklg remsh,a myf<dia‌ oyil muK l=vq Wrk okakd y÷kk iqmsß l=âvl= wmQre l:djla‌ lSfõ tf,isks'

fï isÿj we;af;a l=ula‌o@ fjf<a iqodf.a l=vq rdcOdksh iu;,d lrñka hï m%ydrhla‌ t,a, ù ;sfío@ wms fidhd neÆfjuq' l;dj fy<s jQfha tys§h'

ieneúkau l=vq rcl= f,i jecUqKq fjf<a iqod kkak;a;dr lrñka w;s oejeka; m%ydrhla‌ Tyqf.a kreu l=vq cdjdrug t,a, ù we;af;ah' ta udi folyudrl muK ld,hla‌ mqrd fmd,sia‌ u;ao%jH ld¾hdxYfha ks,Odßka lKa‌vdhula‌ Èjd ? fkdn,d l< iQla‍Iu fufyhqulg wkqjh'

fmd,sia‌ u;ao%jH ld¾hdxYh hkq ia‌:dms; flreKq od mgka furg l%shd;aul u;a l=vq cdjruqkag tfrys iqmsß l%shdkaú;j, fhÿKd jQ wxYhla‌ f,i m%lgj ;sfnkakls' kuq;a wjia‌:d lsysmhl§ l=vq rcjrekaf.a n,mrdl%uh yuqfõ tys jQ mdjd fokakka ksid fukau ;=Ü‌gq fofla foaYmd,k fl<s ksid fmd,sia‌ u;ao%jH ld¾hdxYfha lghq;= ì| jegqKq whqreo wfma u;lfha we;af;ah'

óg udi y; wglg by;§o u;ao%jH ld¾hdxYh ;=< tjka lvd jeàula‌ isÿj ;sìK' ta l=vq cdjdruqkaf.a mYapd;a Nd.hg j¢ñka idla‌l= mqrdjd .kakd w;f¾ tys isá wjxl ks,Odßkag fl<jkakg oe`.¨ ,fjkag wêldßj, isá tla‌;rd fmd,sia‌ f,dla‌fll= we;=¿ mdov /,la‌ yuqfõ úh'

ta Èkj, u;ao%jH ld¾hdxYfha isá wjxl ks,OdßyQ l=vq cdjdruqka fidhd fufyhqï lroa§ fulS mdov /, tla‌j fufyhqug fmr l=vq rcjrekag ÿrl:k weu;=ï foñka ryia‌ fy<s lrkakg jQy' bkq;a fkdkej;=kq uqka cdjdrïlrejl= w;awvx.=jg .;a l,ays Wkaf.a {;Skaj udkj ysñlï wxY fj; ola‌lkakgo l%shd lf<ah' tys§ uqkaf.a há wruqK jQfha u;ao%jH ld¾hdxYfha isák ola‍I iy wjxl ks,Odßka oxf.ähg hjd ¥IKh tys rc lrùu úh'

kuq;a fï ish,a, lKmsg yerefKa fmd,sia‌ u;ao%jH ld¾hdxYfha j;auka wOHla‍I fcHIaG fmd,sia‌ wêldß kd,lo is,ajd uy;d tu ;k;=rg tau;aa iy wmrdO u¾okfhys,d w;s ola‍I fmd,sia‌ m%Odkshl=} jQ ksfhdacH fmd,sia‌m;s chka; l=,;s,l uy;d hg;g u;ao%jH ld¾hdxYh m;aùu;a iu.sks'

chka; l=,;s,l iy kd,l o is,ajd uy;ajrekaf.a fulS iqixfhda.h;a iu. kß úisfjoa§ u;ao%jH ld¾hdxYh ;=< kej;;a isxyfhda ysi Tijkakg jQy' t;eka mgka tlS isxyfhda l=vq rcqka fidhd ovhu wdrïN l<y' fuys§ flkao lkao lrñka ,kafoa ieÛù we;eï udOH msia‌iq fl<skakgo úh' tfy;a isxyfhda È.gu ovhfï fhÿKdy'

nfvdaúg fjf<a iqodf.a l=vq rdcOdkshu l=vq ù hkafka fuys m%;sM,hla‌ f,isks' th isÿj we;af;a flfiao@ uqo,a úYQoaêlrK mk; hgf;a nfvdaúg fjf<a iqodf.a j;alï ;ykï flfrñka Tyqf.a ìß| .hks iy jika;s jiqkaord kue;s {d;s fidhqßhl we;=¿ y;a fokl=g tfrysj bl=;a wfma%,a udifha§ ryia‌ fmd,sish u.ska uydêlrKh yuqfõ kvq mjrkafka furg b;sydifha m%:u jrgh'

ta oekg úfoaYhlg mek f.dia‌ isák fjf<a iqod iu. úfoaY.; ù isg jHdc .uka n,m;%hlska h<s furgg meñfKñka isá fjf<a iqodf.a ìß| w;awvx.=jg f.k miqj wef.ka ,enqKq f;dr;=re u; fld<U iqmsß uy,a ksjdi ixlS¾Khla‌ jQ ,gQ ;jqikaâ ma,did ys, ryia‌ fmd,sish l< jeg,Sul§ u;al=vq lsf,dajlg wdikak m%udKhla‌ iy remsh,a fldaáhl muK uqo,la‌a iu. iqodf.a {;s fidhqßh jQ jika;s jiqkaord we;=¿ msßi fldgq lr .ekSu;a iu.skah' kuq;a ryia‌ fmd,sish tfia l%shd;aul jqjo fjf<a iqodf.a cdjdru kï bka miqj;a È.gu l%shd;aul fjñka ;sìK'

tys§ ;ykug ,la‌ flfrk fjf<a iqod u;al=vq cdjdrfuka Wmhd .;a j;alï m%udKh muKla‌ remsh,a ,la‍I 1850 la‌ muK jkafkah' ryia‌ fmd,sish fufia fjf<a iqodf.a o< .,jñka isáh§ tjlg ryia‌ fmd,sish Ndrj isá ksfhdacH fmd,sia‌m;s chka; l=,;s,l uy;d fmd,sia‌ u;ao%jH ld¾hdxYh Ndrj m;aj tkafka fï w;r;=rh'

chka; l=,;s,l uy;d tfia m;aj tau;a iu. ta uy;df.a iy u;ao%jH ld¾hdxYh Ndr wOHla‍I fcHIaG fmd,sia‌ wêldß kd,l o is,ajd uy;df.a fufyhùfuka fmd,sia‌ u;ao%jH ld¾hdxYfha úfYaI ks,Odßka lKa‌vdhula‌ úfoaYhlg mek l=vq cdjdru fufyhjk fjf<a iqodf.a b;sß jQ o< .e,ùfï fufyhqï wrUkafka t;eka mgkah'

tu fufyhqïj,g wkqj fmd,sia‌ u;ao%jH ld¾hdxYfha ks,Odßka msßi uq,akau fjf<a iqodf.a u;al=vq melÜ‌ lrk iqmsß uOHia‌:dkhla‌ f,i mj;ajdf.k .sh msgfldaÜ‌fÜ m%foaYfha ksjila‌ jg,kqfha bl=;a iema;eïn¾ ui 18 jeksodh'

tys§ fjf<a iqodf.a u;a l=vq Ndrj isá iór u,s;a kue;a;l= .%Eï 500 l muK l=vq f;d.hla‌o iu.ska fmd,sishg fldgq jk w;r fulS iór u,s;a fmd,sishg fldgq ùfuka miq ßudkaâNdrhg m;a lr isáh§ bl=;aod we;sjQ je,lv nkaOkd.dr le/,af,a§ fjä jeÈ ñh f.dia‌ ;sìK'

iór u,s;a fldgqùu;a iu. Tyqj u;ao%jH ld¾hdxYhg f.kú;a l< m%Yak lsÍïj,§ fmd,sishg wkdjrKh jkafka je,a,j;a; .af,dan,a gj¾ iqmsß ksjdi ixlS¾Kfha fjf<a iqodg wh;a ksjil Tyqf.a oejeka;u u;al=vq .nvdj ;sfnk njls'

miqj fmd,sia‌ ks,Odßka bl=;a iema;eïn¾ ui 28 jeksod .af,dan,a gj¾ iqmsß ksjdi ixlS¾Kfha kj jk uyf,a jQ iqodg wh;a tu ksjio jg,kafka iñr u,s;af.ka ,enqKq f;dr;=re wkqj hñks'

,Tõ fï jeg,Sfu§ wmsg mq¿jka jqKd ta jkf;la‌ fjf<a iqodf.a b;sßj ;snQ ishÆ j;alï iy uqo,a mßmd,kh lrñka úfoaY.;j isák Tyq iu. Rcq in|;d mj;ajmq o%úv cd;slfhla‌ w;awvx.=jg .kak'

Tyq wfYdalka È,arela‍Idka fyj;a Ȩ kue;af;la‌' fï ia‌:dkh jg,k wjia‌:dfõ t;ek wÆ;ajeähdjlg fhdod ;snqKq m,xÑhlg ke.,d tys isá ;j;a isõ fofkla‌ mek .;a;d' ta;a fjf<a iqodf.a iqmsßu f.da,hd wmsg wyqjqKd' ta u;al=vq f;d.hl=;a tla‌l' tlS jeg,Su ms<sn| fmd,sia‌ u;ao%jH ld¾hdxYfha ks,Odßhl= wmg wkdjrKh lr isáfha tf,isks'

fufia w;awvx.=jg .kq ,nk wfYdlkajo miqj fmd,sishg f.k tk ks,Odßka /|jqï ksfhda. hgf;a Tyqf.kao m%Yak lsÍï wrUkafkah' tys§ fjf<a iqodf.a iqmsß f.da,hd jqjo fmd,sia‌ ix.%yhka yuqfõ wdhdYhlska f;drju wfYdlkaf.a uqjo újr lrjkaakg fmd,sia‌ ks,Odßka iu;a jkafkah'

,i¾' Wvyuq,af,a iqod whshg whs;s ;j f.hla‌ ;sfhkjd' thdf.a wdhqO j.hl=;a t;ek yx.,d ;sfhkjd' t;k;a l=vq melÜ‌ lrk ;ekla‌'' wfYdalka fmd,sish yuqfõ ish,a, judrkakg jQfha tf,isks' tu f;dr;=re Tia‌fia hk fmd,sish miqj tlS Wvyuq,af,a ksjio jg,kafka iqodf.a .ekaisfha lsisjl=;a n,dfmdfrd;a;= fkdjk whqßks' tys§ iqodf.a l=vq melÜ‌ lrñka isá ldka;djka fofokl= iy ;j;a ;reKhl= iu. u;al=vq f;d.hla‌ yd fjf<a iqodg wh;a ßfjda,ajr y;rla‌o fmd,sishg yiqjkafka fufyhqfï jákdlu ;j;a jeä flfrñkah'

fufia ish cdjdrfï fndfyda foa fmd,sishg wkdjrKh jqjo ta fudfyd; jk úg;a fjf<a iqod lsisÿ miqneia‌ulska f;drj ish cdjdru lrf.k hkafka fmd,sisho mqÿuhg m;a lrñkah' wfYdalka È,areIdka fyj;a Ȩ fmd,sishg fldgq ùu;a iu. fjf<a iqod t;eka mgka ish cdjdru fufyh jkafka ish ìß|f.a ke.Ksh jQ uq;+ kue;a;shl msg ishÆ nr mgjñks' tf;la‌ wfYdlka Ndrfha jQ j;alï md,kh iy uqo,a tla‌/ia‌ lsÍu wd§ lghq;=o Ndr flfrkafka wehgh'

ta w;f¾ Wvyuq,a, ksjiska w;awvx.=jg .;a ldka;djka fofokd iy ;reKhdf.kao fmd,sia‌ m%Yak lsÍï isÿ flfrkafkah' ,i¾ iqodf.a l=vq oeka ,xldjg f.akafka mlsia‌;dkaj, b|ka j;=r fudag¾ wia‌fia yx.,d'' uq;+ kx.s ;uhs Tla‌fldu jev ál yeඬ,a lrkafka' tlS fmd,sia‌ m%Yak lsÍï yuqfõ fjf<a iqodf.a ìß|f.a ke.ksh jQ uq;+ ms<sn| iy iqodf.a ;j;a wÆ;au Wml%uhla‌ ms<sn| w;awvx.=fõ isák ldka;djka wkdjrKh lrkqfhaa fmd,sisho fkdis;+ whqßks'

tys§ fjf<a iqod ,xldjg tjQ tjka j;=r fudag¾ 222 la‌ miq.sh Tla‌f;dan¾ udifha§ ,xldjg <Ûd jQ njo wkdjrKh lrk tla‌ ldka;djla‌ ta ish,a, urodk m%foaYfha ;j;a l=vq cdjdrful= jQ isoaêla‌f.a ìß| /f.k .sh njo fy<s lrkafka fmd,sishg ;j;a fmdgla‌ mdod foñkah' fï isoaêla‌ hkq oekg fjf<a iqod iu.u úfoaY.;j l=vq cdjdrfï fhfokafkla‌ njo fmd,sishg jd¾;d ù ;sfnkakls'

fjf<a iqodf.a ìß|f.a ke.Ksh jQ uq;+f.a kdglh iy j;=r fudag¾ fi,a,u ms<sn| f;dr;=re ,eîu;a iu. fmd,sisfha B<`.Û wjOdkh oeäj fhduq jkafka uq;+ kue;a;sh flfrysh'

tys m%;sM,hla‌ f,i bl=;a Tla‌f;dan¾ udifha Èkl fmd,sish je,a,ïmsáh nq;a.uqj m%foaYfha iqmsß ksjila‌ jg,kafka uq;+ tys ie`.ù isák njg ,efnk f;dr;=rla‌ wkqjh' kuq;a tÈk fmd,sish tys <`.d jk úg flfia fyda uq;+ isáfha ksjiska msgj f.diskah'

tfy;a bka miqfkdnisk u;ao%jH ld¾hdxY ks,Odßka fm!oa.,sl T;a;=lrejl=f.ka ,nd .kakd f;dr;=rlg wkqj bka Èk lsysmhlg miq iqmsß fudg¾ r:hl ke.S ;,j;=f.dv m%foaYfha .uka lrñka isáh§h fï uq;+ kue;a;sh fldgq lr .kafkah'

ta fudag¾ r:fhka l=vq f;d.hla‌ f.k f.dia‌ fnod yer b;sß jQ ;j;a l=vq .%Eï 30 la‌ muK f;d.hla‌ r:fha ;sìh§uh' fuu jeg,Sfï§ fjf<a iqodf.a ore fofokd iy ìß|f.a ujo fmd,sishg fldgq jk w;r miqj bÈßm;a jk {;shl= ore fofokd ;uka Ndrhg f.k ;sìK'

fufia ish ìß|f.a ke.Ksh jQ uq;+ iy kekaoïud fmd,sishg fldgqjQ wjia‌:dj jk úg tf;la‌ l%shd;aul jQ fmd,sia‌ fufyhqï yuqfõ ishÆ Wml%u ì| jeà isák fjf<a iqod furgg l=vq f.kaùu i|yd fhdodf.k ;snqfKa u;a l=vq cdjdruqka wkq.ukh lrk my;au l%uh jQ mdlsia‌;dk cd;slhkag l=vq .s,a,jd .=jka u.ska ,xldjg /f.k tafï l%uh úh'

th" È.ska È.gu isÿ flreKq fmd,sia‌ fufyhqï yuqfõ ta jk úg fjf<a iqod ;=< we;sj ;snQ lvd jeàu uekúka ms<sìUq lrkakla‌o úh' tfy;a uq;+ iy ìß|f.a uj tfia fmd,sishg fldgq ùu;a iu. iqodf.a tlS Wml%uh ms<sn|jo Tjqka fofokdf.ka f;dr;=re fy<s lr .kakd fmd,sish bl=;a tfldf<dia‌ fjksod fjf<a iqod mdlsia‌;dkq cd;slhka fofokl= yryd furgg tjd ;snQ l=vq lsf,da .%Eï foll m%udKhla‌ nïn,msáh m%foaYfha§ w;awvx.=jg .kafka fjf<a iqod kkak;a;dr lrjñks'

tys§ iqodf.a l=vq mdlsia‌:dkfha isg /f.k wd mdlsia‌:dkq cd;slhka fofokd iu. fjf<a iqodf.a ;j;a f.da,hl= fmd,sishg fldgq jk w;r miqj Tjqkaf.kao /|jqï ksfhda. u; m%Yak lsÍug fmd,sish mshjr .kafkah' tfia m%Yak lsÍï flfrk w;rjdrfha fmr§ ldka;djka fofokd fy<s l< f;dr;=rg wkqj urodfka isoaêla‌a kdkdf.a ìß| úiska /f.k .sh nj lshQ j;=r fudag¾ 222 o fmd,sish fidhd .kafka fjf<a iqod we;=¿ l,a,shu wkao ukao lrjñks'

tfia j;=r fudag¾ f;d.h fidhd .kakd fmd,sish miqj ta ms<sn| l< úu¾Ykj,§ wkdjrKh jkafka tajdfhys wdfïp¾ .,jd l=vq f;d. i`.jñka jHdc f,i ilia‌ lr furgg l=vq f.kaùu i|yd fjf<a iqod ta Wml%uh Ndú; lr we;s njls' fuys§ l=vq uqo,aj,g .scq ù wod< j;=r fudag¾ f;d.h f¾.=fjka uqod .ekSug iydh jQ jdmamq ,smslrejl=o fmd,sia‌ w;awvx.=jg m;ajkafka fjf<a iqodf.a ishÆu o< .,jd oeóug fmd,sia‌ u;ao%jH ld¾hdxYh iu;a jQ nj ;yjqre flfrñks'

fmd,sia‌ u;ao%jH ld¾hdxYfha fulS fufyhqï yuqfõ fï jk úg fjf<a iqodf.a l=vq cdjdrfï fldgia‌lrejka jQ Tyqf.a ìß|" ìß|f.a ke.ksh" ìß|f.a uj we;=¿j uy W¿ f.or l+re .Ksk msßi myf<dia‌ fokl= muK fj;s' ta Tyqf.a l=vq cd,fha iïmQ¾K in|;d ì£ hoa§ fõ'

udi folydudrla‌ mqrd l< iQla‍Iu fufyhqulg wkqj fmd,sia‌ u;ao%jH ld¾hdxYfha w;s ola‍I ksOdßka lKa‌vdhula‌ wo furg isák wxl tfla l=vq rcd jQ fjf<a iqodf.a l=vq rdcOdksh jkid oukqfha tf,isks' fmr iqmsß l=âvd lS f,i iqodf.a melÜ‌ tl wo l=âvka fj;ska .s,syS f.dia‌ we;af;ao fmd,sia‌ u;ao%jH ld¾hdxYfha tlS w;sYQr;ajfha m%;sM,hla‌ f,isks'

tfy;a fï jk úg rg yerod ueofmrÈ. rglg mek f.dia‌ furg isá ;j;a l=vq cdjdruqka ;sfokl= jQ udÆ iuka;" isoaêla‌ iy fudß,a jekajqka iu. tla‌ù l=vq úfIka h<s h<s;a fï ìu jkikakg udk n,k fjf<a iqodf.a ó<`.Û l=reudku l=ula‌ úh yelsoehs l,amkd lrk l, ;ju;a rg yuqfõ we;af;a m%Yakd¾:hls'

iuka .uf.a